Zhou Dynasty (11th to 3rd century BCE): The Zhou Dynasty is divided into Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou. ![]() It was a period of urbanization, bronze metallurgy, and religious practices. Shang Dynasty (17th to 11th century BCE): The Shang Dynasty is known for its oracle bone script, which provides valuable insight into early Chinese writing.It’s believed to have established early forms of Chinese culture and governance. Xia Dynasty (21st to 17th century BCE): The Xia Dynasty is considered the earliest in Chinese history, but much of its information is surrounded by mythology.Mature Indus Valley Civilization (26th to 19th century BCE): This civilization is characterized by well-planned cities like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, advanced drainage systems, standardized weights and measures, and a script that remains undeciphered.Ĭhina’s history is marked by a series of dynasties and cultural achievements that have had a profound impact on the world.The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, existed in the Indus River Valley in what is now Pakistan and northwestern India. Pharaohs like Hatshepsut and Ramses II left lasting legacies. New Kingdom (16th to 11th century BCE): The New Kingdom saw Egypt’s territorial expansion, military successes, and the construction of famous temples like Karnak and Luxor.The pharaohs focused on improving infrastructure and connecting with their subjects. Middle Kingdom (21st to 17th century BCE): The Middle Kingdom marked a period of reunification and cultural revival. ![]() It was a period of centralized power and grand monumental projects, but it eventually experienced decline and decentralization. Old Kingdom (27th to 22nd century BCE): The Old Kingdom is famous for the construction of the pyramids at Giza.Hieroglyphic writing and monumental construction began during this time. ![]()
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